- C&NL MAN
- Cumbra and North
Lancashire Metropolitan Area Network.
- Campus Wide
Information System (CWIS)
- A CWIS makes information
and services publicly available on campus via kiosks,
and makes interactive computing available via kiosks,
interactive computing systems and campus networks.
Services routinely include directory information,
calendars, bulletin boards, databases. [Source:
RFC1392]
- catenet
- A network in which hosts
are connected to networks with varying
characteristics, and the networks are interconnected
by gateways (routers). The Internet is an example of a
catenet. See IONL. [Source: RFC1208]
- CCIRN
- See: Coordinating
Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks
- CCITT
- See: Comite Consultatif
International de Telegraphique et Telephonique
- CCR
- Commitment, Concurrency,
and Recovery. An OSI application service element used
to create atomic operations across distributed
systems. Used primarily to implement two-phase commit
for transactions and nonstop operations. [Source:
RFC1208]
- CERNET
- China Education and
Research Network.
- CERT
- See: Computer Emergency
Response Team
- CFV (Call For Votes)
- Initiates the voting
period for a Usenet newsgroup. At least one
(occasionally two or more) email address is
customarily included as a repository for the votes.
- checksum
- A computed value which
is dependent upon the contents of a packet. This value
is sent along with the packet when it is transmitted.
The receiving system computes a new checksum based
upon the received data and compares this value with
the one sent with the packet. If the two values are
the same, the receiver has a high degree of confidence
that the data was received correctly. [Source: NNSC]
- CHEST
- Combined Higher
Education Software Team negociates agreements with
suppliers, especially for site licences, for the
education community, thus making it the educational
shop window for purchases of software, data,
information, traning materials and other IT related
products.
- CIDR
- See: Classless
Inter-domain Routing
- circuit switching
- A communications
paradigm in which a dedicated communication path is
established between two hosts, and on which all
packets travel. The telephone system is an example of
a circuit switched network. See also:
connection-oriented, connectionless, packet switching.
[Source: RFC1392]
- ClariNews
- The fee-based Usenet
newsfeed available from ClariNet Communications.
- Classless
Inter-domain Routing (CIDR)
- A proposal, set forth in
RFC
1519, to allocate IP addresses so as to allow the
addresses to be aggregated when advertised as routes.
It is based on the elimination of intrinsic IP network
addresses; that is, the determination of the network
address based on the first few bits of the IP address.
See also: IP address, network address, supernet.
[Source: RFC1983]
- ClydeNet
- River Clyde area's
Metropolitan Area Network.
- client
- A computer system or
process that requests a service of another computer
system or process. A workstation requesting the
contents of a file from a file server is a client of
the file server. See also: client-server model,
server. [Source: NNSC]
- client-server model
- A common way to describe
the paradigm of many network protocols. Examples
include the name-server/name-resolver relationship in
DNS and the file-server/file-client relationship in
NFS. See also: client, server, Domain Name System,
Network File System. [Source: RFC1392]
- CLNP
- Connectionless Network
Protocol. The OSI protocol for providing the OSI
Connectionless Network Service (datagram service).
CLNP is the OSI equivalent to Internet IP, and is
sometimes called ISO IP. [Source: RFC1208]
- CLTP
- Connectionless Transport
Protocol. Provides for end-to-end Transport data
addressing (via Transport selector) and error control
(via checksum), but cannot guarantee delivery or
provide flow control. The OSI equivalent of UDP.
[Source: RFC1208]
- CMIP
- Common Management
Information Protocol. The OSI network management
protocol. [Source: RFC1208]
- CMOT
- CMIP Over TCP. An effort
to use the OSI network management protocol to manage
TCP/IP networks. [Source: RFC1208]
- CNAME
- Canonical Name
(alternative name for a host) in Domain Name Service.
- CNI
- See: Coalition for
Networked Information
- Coalition for
Networked Information (CNI)
- A consortium formed by
American Research Libraries, CAUSE, and EDUCOM (no,
they are not acronyms) to promote the creation of, and
access to, information resources in networked
environments in order to enrich scholarship and
enhance intellectual productivity. [Source: RFC1392]
- Coloured Books
- set of standard
protocols and recommendations for the different
aspects of networking software developed and used by
the UK academic and research community. Now superseded
by Internet protocols. See also protocol.
- Comite Consultatif
International de Telegraphique et Telephonique
- (CCITT) This
organization is part of the United National
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) and is
responsible for making technical recommendations about
telephone and data communications systems. Every four
years CCITT holds plenary sessions where they adopt
new standards; the most recent was in 1992. Recently,
the ITU reorganized and CCITT was renamed the ITU-T.
See also: International Telecommunications Union -
Telecommunications. [Source: RFC1983]
- Computer Emergency
Response Team (CERT)
- The CERT was formed by
DARPA in November 1988 in response to the needs
exhibited during the Internet worm incident. The CERT
charter is to work with the Internet community to
facilitate its response to computer security events
involving Internet hosts, to take proactive steps to
raise the community's awareness of computer security
issues, and to conduct research targeted at improving
the security of existing systems. CERT products and
services include 24-hour technical assistance for
responding to computer security incidents, product
vulnerability assistance, technical documents, and
tutorials. In addition, the team maintains a number of
mailing lists (including one for CERT Advisories), and
provides an anonymous FTP server, at "cert.org",
where security-related documents and tools are
archived. The CERT may be reached by email at
"[email protected]" and by telephone at
+1-412-268-7090 (24-hour hotline). See also: Advanced
Research Projects Agency, worm. [Source: RFC1392]
- congestion
- Congestion occurs when
the offered load exceeds the capacity of a data
communication path. [Source: RFC1392]
- connection-oriented
- The data communication
method in which communication proceeds through three
well-defined phases: connection establishment, data
transfer, connection release. TCP is a
connection-oriented protocol. See also: circuit
switching, connectionless, packet switching,
Transmission Control Protocol. [Source: RFC1392]
- connectionless
- The data communication
method in which communication occurs between hosts
with no previous setup. Packets between two hosts may
take different routes, as each is independent of the
other. UDP is a connectionless protocol. See also:
circuit switching, connection-oriented, packet
switching, User Datagram Protocol. [Source: RFC1392]
- Coordinating
Committee for Intercontinental Research Networks (CCIRN)
- A committee that
includes the United States FNC and its counterparts in
North America and Europe. Co-chaired by the executive
directors of the FNC and the European Association of
Research Networks (RARE), the CCIRN provides a forum
for cooperative planning among the principal North
American and European research networking bodies. See
also: Federal Networking Council, RARE. [Source:
MALAMUD]
- core gateway
- Historically, one of a
set of gateways (routers) operated by the Internet
Network Operations Center at Bolt, Beranek and Newman
(BBN). The core gateway system formed a central part
of Internet routing in that all groups must advertise
paths to their networks from a core gateway. [Source:
MALAMUD]
- Corporation for
Research and Educational Networking (CREN)
- This organization was
formed in October 1989, when Bitnet and CSNET
(Computer + Science NETwork) were combined under one
administrative authority. CSNET is no longer
operational, but CREN still runs Bitnet. See also:
Bitnet. [Source: NNSC]
- COS
- Corporation for Open
Systems. A vendor and user group for conformance
testing, certification, and promotion of OSI products.
[Source: RFC1208]
- COSINE
- Cooperation for Open
Systems Interconnection Networking in Europe. A
program sponsored by the European Commission, aimed at
using OSI to tie together European research networks.
[Source: RFC1208]
- C-Pop
- Core Point of Presence
on JANET backbone.
- cracker
- A cracker is an
individual who attempts to access computer systems
without authorization. These individuals are often
malicious, as opposed to hackers, and have many means
at their disposal for breaking into a system. See
also: hacker, Computer Emergency Response Team, Trojan
Horse, virus, worm. [Source: RFC1392]
- CRC
- See: cyclic redundancy
check
- CREN
- See: Corporation for
Research and Educational Networking
- CSMA/CD
- Carrier Sense Multiple
Access with Collision Detection. The access method
used by local area networking technologies such as
Ethernet. [Source: RFC1208]
- CSNET
- Computer+Science
Network. Formerly a large computer network, mostly in
the U.S. but with international connections. CSNET
sites included universities, research labs, and some
commercial companies. Now merged with BITNET to form
CREN. See Corporation for Research and Educational
Networking. [Source: RFC1208]
- CU-SeeMe
- Pronnounced "See
you, See me," CU-SeeMe is a publicly available
videoconferencing program developed at Cornell
University. It allows anyone with audio/video
capabilites and an Internet connection to
videoconference with anyone else with the same
capabilities. It also allows multiple people to tie
into the same videoconference. [Source: RFC1983]
- CWIS
- See: Campus Wide
Information system
- Cyberspace
- A term coined by William
Gibson in his fantasy novel Neuromancer to describe
the "world" of computers, and the society
that gathers around them. [Source: ZEN]
- Cyclic Redundancy
Check (CRC)
- A number derived from a
set of data that will be transmitted. By recalculating
the CRC at the remote end and comparing it to the
value originally transmitted, the receiving node can
detect some types of transmission errors. [Source:
MALAMUD]
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